Suspicious Breast Lumps – Symptoms and Causes

A breast lump is a swelling, growth, or mass in the breast that may feel different from the surrounding tissue. While most lumps are benign (non-cancerous), some may indicate serious health conditions, including breast cancer. Understanding the symptoms and causes of suspicious breast lumps can help in early detection and treatment.

Symptoms of Suspicious Breast Lumps

A breast lump can have different characteristics, depending on its cause. Some lumps are harmless, while others may require medical attention.

1. Common Symptoms of a Breast Lump

• Hard or firm mass that does not move easily under the skin
• Irregular shape (not smooth or round)
• Painless or painful lump, depending on the type
• Skin changes over the lump (redness, dimpling, or puckering)
• Nipple discharge, especially if it is bloody or clear (not milky)
• Nipple retraction or inversion (pulling inward)
• Changes in breast size or shape
• Swelling in the armpit (due to enlarged lymph nodes)

2. When to See a Doctor

Not all lumps are cancerous, but you should consult a doctor if you notice:

• A lump that feels hard, does not move, or grows over time
• Persistent pain in one part of the breast
• A lump that does not go away after your menstrual cycle
• Skin dimpling or nipple changes
• Unusual discharge from the nipple

Causes of Suspicious Breast Lumps

Breast lumps can develop due to various reasons. Some are related to hormonal changes, while others may indicate serious health issues.

1. Benign (Non-Cancerous) Causes

These lumps are common and usually not life-threatening:

a. Fibrocystic Breast Changes

• Occurs due to hormonal fluctuations
• Lumps feel rubbery, tender, and movable
• Often seen in women of reproductive age
• Symptoms may worsen before menstruation

b. Breast Cysts

• Fluid-filled sacs in the breast
• Can be round, smooth, and soft
• May be painful before periods
• Usually disappear on their own or can be drained by a doctor

c. Fibroadenoma

• Solid, non-cancerous tumour common in young women
• Feels smooth, firm, and moves easily under the skin
• Usually painless and does not increase cancer risk

d. Lipoma

• Fatty lump that is soft and movable
• Usually painless and slow-growing

e. Mastitis (Breast Infection)

• Common in breastfeeding mothers
• Causes painful, swollen lumps with redness and warmth
• May be accompanied by fever and flu-like symptoms

2. Cancerous (Malignant) Causes

A small percentage of breast lumps may indicate breast cancer. Warning signs include:

a. Breast Cancer

• Hard, irregularly shaped lump
• Painless in early stages but can become painful later
• Skin dimpling, nipple changes, or unusual discharge
• Lump does not move easily under the skin
• Family history of breast cancer increases risk

b. Phyllodes Tumor

• A rare fast-growing breast tumour
• Can be benign, borderline, or malignant
• Needs surgical removal, even if non-cancerous

c. Metastatic Tumors

• Cancer that has spread to the breast from another part of the body (like the lungs or ovaries)
• Can feel like a hard, fixed mass

Diagnosis of Breast Lumps

If you notice a lump, your doctor may recommend diagnostic tests to determine its nature:

1. Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) – The doctor examines the lump’s size, shape, and texture.
2. Mammogram – An X-ray of the breast to detect abnormalities.
3. Ultrasound – Helps differentiate between solid lumps and fluid-filled cysts.
4. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – Used for detailed imaging in some cases.
5. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) – A small needle is used to withdraw fluid or cells from the lump.
6. Biopsy – A sample of breast tissue is taken for laboratory testing to check for cancer cells.

Prevention and Early Detection

While not all breast lumps can be prevented, early detection can help in better treatment.

1. Self-Breast Examination (SBE)

• Check your breasts once a month, preferably a week after your period.
• Look for any changes in size, shape, or texture.
• Feel for lumps by using firm circular motions with your fingers.

2. Regular Medical Check-Ups

• Women above 40 years should get a mammogram every 1-2 years.
• If you have a family history of breast cancer, consult a doctor for early screening.

3. Healthy Lifestyle

• Maintain a balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Exercise regularly to maintain a healthy weight.
• Limit alcohol intake and smoking to reduce cancer risk.
• Breastfeed your baby, if possible, as it lowers the risk of breast cancer.

Final Thoughts

Finding a lump in your breast can be scary, but not all lumps are cancerous. Many are due to harmless conditions like cysts or hormonal changes. However, it is important to monitor any new or unusual breast changes and seek medical advice if needed. Early detection and proper diagnosis can help ensure the best possible outcome.